Volume 5 Issue 3
ELECTRONIC NETWORK JOURNAL "RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGICAL JOURNAL"
Volume 5 Issue 3
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For the 70th anniversary MIREA |
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T.N. Bakhvalova, |
PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY AS A WAY FOR UPGRADING KEY TECHNICAL FEATURES OF RADIO-SIGNAL DELAY DEVICES 37 AbstractBased on the previous results for our investigations of various retarding materials for super-wide bandwidth long-term delay lines and shortcomings of the available fiberoptic delay links based on binary delay chain where semiconductor optical switches are used to switch in or out delay segments that are binary multiples of a minimum delay, the principles of optimization and design of next-generation fiber-optics radio-frequency delay devices are proposed. They include: (1) distributed structure of low-power emitters based on dense wavelength division multiplexing, (2) multicore optical fiber as retarding medium, (3) two-stage processing including optoelectronic repeater unit, and (4) optical recirculation time-delay circuit. Computer-aided simulation and experimental verification of the proposed principles have shown their feasibility, efficiency and the opportunity to improve significantly the energy consumption and weight-dimensional characteristics, to increase the maximum delay time up to the millisecond range with a step in the microsecond range, also to improve the quality and flexibility of the various apparatuses on basis of these devices. Keywords: radio-frequency delay device, photonics, microwave photonics, fiber-optic delay link, computer-aided simulation, experimental verification. |
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А.F. Belyanin, |
NANOSTRUCTURED CARBON MATERIALS IN EMISSION ELECTRONICS 30 AbstractThis paper considers the influence of formation conditions on the composition and structure of polycluster diamond films, diamond-like carbon films and carbon nanowalls. Polycluster diamond films were obtained from a gas mixture of hydrogen and methane activated with arc and microwave discharges as well as by applying heat (i.e. hot-wire method). Diamond-like carbon films were obtained by using the methods of high-frequency magnetron sputtering, high-frequency diode discharge in a gas mixture of cyclohexane and hydrogen, graphite ion-beam sputtering. Carbon nanowalls were obtained from a gas mixture of hydrogen and methane activated with a direct current glow discharge. The composition and structure of synthesized carbon materials are explored by using the methods of electron and atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the authors also study the interconnection between the composition and structure of synthesized carbon materials and electric and functional characteristics of cold cathodes based on them. Keywords: polycluster and diamond-like carbon films, carbon nanowalls, electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, cold cathodes. |
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E.D. Mishina, |
TRANSIENT REVERSAL OF FERROELECTRIC POLARIZATION INDUCED BY TERAHERTZ ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSE 39 AbstractThe paper presents the results of an investigation of the ultrafast nonlinear-optical response of a thin film (Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3(001) to a terahertz frequency electromagnetic field pulse with duration near 1ps and electric field up to 500 kV/cm. Nonlinear optical response was a method to detect the ferroelectric polarization. The initial spontaneous polarization was perpendicular to the film, terahertz electric field was in-plane of the film. We demonstrated that ferroelectric polarization repeats the profile of the THz pulse during its impact and switches along the field direction. After the end of the THz pulse, the longlive (>20ps) oscillations were observed. The frequency of these oscillations correspond to the frequency of the soft mode in this material. Microscopic discription of nonlinear susceptibility explains the resonant behavior of nonlinear-optical response in THz range. Keywords: terahertz radiation, ferroelectric, polarization switching, second harmonic generation. |
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Тхи Ханг Нгуен, |
THIN FILMS OF BINARY CHALKOGENIDES As2X3 (X = S, Se) PREPARED BY SPIN COATING METHOD 17 AbstractThis paper describes the processes of preparing solutions of binary vitreous semiconductor materials As2X3 (X = S, Se) and fabricating thin films based on them by spin coating. The initial materials are synthesized using semiconductor purity grade solvents by the direct synthesis in pre-vacuumed quartz vials at a maximum temperature of 750ºС and identified by the authors as glass. The obtained amorphous thin films are proven to have an island morphology. The thickness of the As2S3 film can vary in the range of 200 nm (at an average roughness of 0.7 nm) to 2.5 μm (at an average roughness of 100 nm). The thickness of the As2Se3 film can vary in the range of 200 nm (at an average roughness of 8 nm) to 3 μm (at an average roughness of 200 nm). The optical characteristics of thin films are also studied, in particular optical transmission in the visible spectrum. The band gap of the obtained films is determined by employing a Tauc plot. The findings of the experiment are compared with the literature data. Keywords: thin films, vitreous chalcogenide semiconductors, spin coаting, optical absorption edge. |
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N.A. Yashtulov, |
HYDROGEN ENERGY RENEWABLE CURRENT SOURCES 13 AbstractThe analytical overview of hydrogen energy renewable power sources is presented. The main experimental developments performed at Moscow University for the development of new efficient materials and devices for alternative energy are described. To date, the problem of energy-saving technologies creating is one of the main tasks of modern industrial society. Progress in the development of hydrogen technologies has demonstrated that the hydrogen and hydrogen-containing fuels application leads to qualitatively new energy systems performance. In this regard, the article identifies the main types of electric energy storage by hydrogen, their advantages and development perspectives. The main types of batteries, their structure and classification are considered. The problems of integration of renewable energy into the electrical grid, technical and economic aspects are described. The main nanotechnological transformation projects, energy storage and energy saving are presented. Researchers worldwide actively working on design of chemical sources of energy, which is a electrochemical device to convert the free energy of a chemical reaction into electrical energy. One of these sources of energy are fuel cells. The main attention is given to the consideration of the operation principles of chemical power sources, particularly hydrogen-air fuel cells with solid polymer electrolyte. As fuel one can use hydrogen, methanol, ethanol, formic acid, bio-fuel, as an oxidizing agent - oxygen in the air. The fuel cell can produce electrical energy continuously as the fuel and oxidant are flowing. The key part of a fuel cell - a membrane-electrode unit - its structure and design is considered. The prospects of hydrogen energy development of renewable power sources are indicated. Keywords: hydrogen energy, power sources, fuel cells. |
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N.I. Prokopov, |
COMPOSITE POLYMER SUSPENSIONS WITH COMPLEX PARTICLE MORPHOLOGY 14 AbstractThe review is dedicated to the synthesis of composite polymer suspensions with complex particle morphology. Authors attempted to summarize effects of polymerization conditions on particle morphology. The significance of further investigations in the field of composite polymer suspensions synthesis was shown. The main aspects of different monomers emulsion homopolymerization, affecting the polymer particle morphology, such as polymerization topochemistry, free energy of particle formation, the kind of monomer and others were discussed. The determination methods of polymer particles phase structure may be shown to be classified as direct and indirect. The most frequently used investigation methods of suspension particles morphology viz electron microscopy, soap titration technique and film forming were described. General techniques of composite polymer particle synthesis, such as emulsion copolymerization and seed polymerization, were given and considered in detail. Advantages and disadvantages of each method were listed. Determination of particle morphology, using thermodynamic approach, was discussed. Obtained composite polymer particles were found to be classified into two large groups: non-uniform composite gradient particles and heterophase particles. Keywords: composite polymer particles, multicomponent particles, polymer particle morphology, emulsion polymerization, seed polymerization, investigation methods of heterophase particles structure. |
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A.Z. Asanov |
MODERN ARCHITECTURE BOARD INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS OF HEAVY VEHICLES 22 AbstractThe continuous increase in amounts of data processed on board of modern heavy trucks and complication of onboard systems and units functioning algorithms have led to the need to transfer the functions performed by a motorist to automatic robotized systems. Therefore, new solutions in the field of system architecture for on-board heavy truck information and control systems are required. The paper deals with the problems of information and control systems design for robotic heavy trucks control. In the paper the concept of hierarchies, functions and subsystems of control in complex ergatic systems like the control systems of modern heavy trucks as well as the control levels characteristic features have been considered. The concept for both the organization of information-measuring and executive systems in the form of mechatronic modules and adaptive correction mechanisms for vehicle movement control have been proposed. Keywords: mobile objects management, a robotic vehicle, mechatronic module, control system, intelligent control system, control systems integration. |
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V.V. Filinov, |
MODERN ARCHITECTURE BOARD INFORMATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS OF HEAVY VEHICLES 24 AbstractProspects for using the method for controlling the stress state of products made of highstrength steels based on recording signals of magnetic (MN) and magnetoacoustic (MAN) remagnetization noise are considered. The energy and emission characteristics of MN and MAN are determined by the restructuring of the magnetic texture of the ferromagnet by Brakhausen jumps, 180° and 90° domain walls, respectively, with its cyclic reversal of magnetization. Therefore, MN and MAN carry different information about the physical and mechanical properties of steels, and the parameters of their signals in interrelation can be used to construct new algorithms for monitoring and diagnosing the physical and mechanical properties of articles made of ferromagnetic materials, for example, the stressed state of the critical products from these steels. The main results on the development of the means of magneto-noise control, achieved at the department of electrical engineering and mechanics of Moscow Technological University (MGUPI), their applications in the technologies of engineering, aviation and oil and gas industries are presented. Keywords: magnetic and magnetic-acoustic noises of magnetization reversal, the Brakhausen effect, information-measuring system for controlling mechanical stresses, residual stresses in steels, non-destructive control. |
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V.I. Nefedov, |
INTEGRAL EQUATIONS FOR MODELING CYLINDRICAL MIRROR ANTENNAS 21 AbstractThe application of integral equations of magnetic field strength for simulating the radiation of multi-mirror antennas with cylindrical reflectors is considered in the article. Preliminary information is given on the aperture and current methods of modeling mirror antennas. The information on the irradiator of the main mirror of the antenna in the form of a cylindrical parabolic segment forming a cylindrical wave is given. Information on the authors' patents on the construction of mirror cylindrical antennas is given. The cylindrical shape of the reflectors makes it possible to eliminate the cross-polarization radiation of the mirror antennas. The analysis of antennas is proposed to be performed by numerical methods, by the method of moments, using quadrangular cells, which give an advantage in the cylindrical shape of mirrors. Quadrangular cells allow you to most accurately approximate the shape of the surface of mirrors. An expression is obtained for calculating the coefficients of the system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE) matrix, to which the integral equation reduces. The procedure for eliminating singularities in numerical calculations is considered. Numerical analysis of mirror antennas with cylindrical shape of reflectors allows to significantly reduce the complexity of the problem. Keywords: mirror antennas, deployable structures, reflectors in the form of a paraboloid of revolution, cylindrical reflectors, numerical methods for analyzing antennas, structural features, cross-polarization. |
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N.A. Akulova, |
Abstract In the paper the classic problem of N bodies is treated as if the mass of one body (the Sun) is much larger than the mass of the rest mutually gravitating bodies. We take as the unperturbed motion the movement of a planet in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun being in one of its foci. A set of equations of motion are derived in barycentric coordinates using the canonical Delaunay variables. Applying the motion equation averaged system we define the functions for describing the evolution of a single planet orbit’s eccentricity and inclination caused by the other planets’ mutual gravitation. The numerical estimations of the eccentricity and orbital inclination change rate for each of the Solar system’s planets have been obtained. Keywords: N-bodies problems, barycenter, Delaunay variables, orbit elements, perturbed motion, averaging method. |
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A.V. Timoshenko, |
Abstract Distillation is the most widely used methods to separate different industrial mixtures into pure components. This method has unfortunately been very energy intensive and requires a lot of heat. Mathematical modeling of the technological schemes of distillation is an effective method to improve existing and to create new industrial technologies. The work deals with the synthesis and optimization of the distillation schemes with the partially thermally coupled flows (PTCDS) to decrease energy consumption. An algorithm is presented of the step-by-step transformation of the technological scheme of conventional distillation into the PTCDS. Examples are given of several solutions for the separation of multicomponent hydrocarbon mixtures by conventional distillation and azeotropic mixtures of organic products by extractive distillation. The data are presented for the optimization algorithms of the PTCDS. A comparison is made of conventional and developed distillation schemes using the energy consumption criterion. It is shown that the systems with partially thermally coupled flows provides a significant up to 30% reduction in energy consumption. Keywords: mathematical modeling, technological schemes simulation, distillation. |
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D.A. Khrychev |
ON BEHAVIOR OF TRAJECTORIES OF WEAK SOLUTIONS OF N-DIMENSIONAL STOCHASTIC NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS 7 AbstractThe research paper study a behavior of trajectories of weak solutions of n-dimensional (n≥2) Navier-Stokes equations, perturbed by an additive white noise. It is shown that at any given moment t trajectories in its subsequent motion along the phase space of the system: a) inevitably leave any bounded subset of the phase space; b) inevitably return to some compact set K, depending on the viscosity and on the external forces acting on the system. Thus, it is established that the trajectories alternately go away arbitrarily far from the mentioned set K, then again return to it, i.e. the recurrence of trajectories in relation to the set K and infinity. These results are obtained by estimating the mathematical expectation of the moments of the first exit of trajectory after t from the corresponding subsets of the phase space. Keywords: stochastic Navier–Stokes equations, weak solutions, solution trajectories. |
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Yu.I. Hudak |
ON THE MATHEMATICS PROBLEM OF MULTILAYERED DIELECTRIC SYSTEMS IN THE CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMIC 19 AbstractSolving numerous problems of wave propagation in inhomogeneous medium in optics and radio-physics involves layered media models. Unfortunately even for two-layer systems there is no known exhaustive classification of such systems presenting their “phase image”. In the paper the solution of direct problem of flat electromagnetic wave propagation in N-layer dielectric media derived in the form of quasi-trigonometric polynomials. Exact expressions for reflectivity factor and transmission factor are given. The algorithm of inverse problem solution providing layered media physical parameters from amplitude reflectivity factor is devised. The solution is proved to be unique. New substantial notions allow handling the problem in an easier and more natural way. In the cases of a few layers, explicit solutions for translucence and anti-translucence problems at a given frequency and in a fixed frequency range are found. The comprehensive classification of two-layer systems is based on the structure of the planar graph in the parameter space having 19 inherent graph nodes, 66 graph edges and 48 facets. Keywords: direct problem, electrodynamics parameters of systems, transfer matrix, representation of elements for transfer matrix, spectrum characteristics, almost periodic function, precise estimation, antireflection coating problems, inverse problems. |
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E.V. Bodrova, |
TECHNOLOGICAL LAG AS FACTOR OF THE COLLAPSE OF THE USSR 29 AbstractBased on the analysis of different conceptual approaches to the study of the problem of the collapse of the Soviet Union, of introducing into the scientific circulation of new sources, identifies the different factors that determined the events of 25 years ago. We conclude that the conditions of the unfolding scientific and technological revolution demanded the integration of science, education and production, overcoming the departmental barriers, creating a fullfledged innovation system on a national scale. The main areas of development was to be the production of modern high-quality products, the implementation of technical renovation of production, resource saving. Priority was given to economic growth and volumes produced. Underestimation of the power structures of the strategic role of mass media technologies has led to a slowdown in structural adjustment of the economy, Failed attempts to implement a new stage of Russia's modernization has ended catastrophic for the country consequences: decay, demodernization and deindustrialization. Keywords: historical experience, collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian model of modernization, the technological eag. |
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S.M. Sukhorukova, |
Abstract The article analyzes how in Russia over the past hundred years there has been a change in the conceptual approaches of scientists to the study of economic management problems and how this shift correlates with the change in the state's economic policy. At the same time, the work of those well-known scientists who went to the synthesis of economic science with natural-scientific knowledge and sought to justify the need for a nature-friendly, rather than a nature-destructive economy, are analyzed. To implement today the transition to an economy capable of stopping the destruction of the biosphere that has developed over many billions of years, it is proposed to abandon the liberal-market economic theory and move on to the anthropo-cosmic worldview. The urgency of such a transition is determined by the fact that at present programs are being developed for the development of space resources without studying the environmental consequences that can become dangerous for the biosphere on Earth. Keywords: 2017 – year of ecology, economics of nature management, environmental problems, space economy, "biosphere economy". |
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